World's Largest Dams

World's largest Dams can be argued over various factors like area, capacity, height etc. taking all the factor into consideration below are list of dams which represent largest dams so far.

1. Three Gourge:

The Three Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the "Yangtze River" in China, Named for the three limestone cliffs along the Qutang, Wu and Xiling gorges along the "Yangtze River"(this is third largest river in the world). The reservoir has area of around 405 square miles. its height is of 181 meter(594 ft). the "Three Gorges" Dam is the world's largest hydroelectric power plant , The power generated by the 34 generators is enormous. It is equivalent to burning 25 million tons of crude oil or 50 million tons of coal. 

At least 1.24 million people had to be relocated on this project and Over 100 towns and settlements were submerged when the dam was built. dam was designed withstand a large earthquake, should it ever collapse, millions of people living downstream would be in danger. About 360 million people live within the watershed of the Yangtze River.

2. Syncrude Tailings :

This is world's second largest dam in terms of volume after "Three Gourge", this dams is mainly used as water reservoir and  was created as result of oilsands mining operations by Syncrude Canada Ltd.  It is located 40 km (25 mi) north of Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada at the northern end of the Mildred Lake lease owned by Syncrude Canada Ltd. and for the same reason it is often refers to the Mildred Lake Settling Basin (MLSB).

Syncrude Tailings is basically a congregation of dams created by mining in same region. the Volume  is about 540 to 720 million cubic meters Cubic Meters

Longest River in World

Top 10 longest rivers in world and their location are listed.

Rank River Location Approximate Length—miles 1. Nile Africa 4,180 2. Amazon South America 3,912 3. Mississippi-Missouri-Red Rock United States 3,710 4. Chang Jiang (Yangtze) China 3,602 5. Ob Russia 3,459 6. Huang Ho (Yellow) China 2,900 7. Yenisei Russia 2,800 8. Parana South America 2,795 9. Irtish Russia 2,758 10. Zaire (Congo) Congo 2,716

World Countries and areas

 The Earth has total surface area of 148,940,000 square kilometer. the total land coverage is 29.2% of Earth's surface, the rest of its surface area of 70.8% is covered with water. below is list of country by their area in descending order.

Rank	Country Name	Area In square Km	% of Earth	Continent
1	Russia	17,098,242	11.50%	Asia /Europe
2	Canada	9,984,670	6.70%	America, North
3	United States	9,629,091	6.50%	America, North
4	PR China	9,598,094	6.40%	Asia, Eastern
5	Brazil	8,514,877	5.70%	America, South
6	Australia	7,692,024	5.20%	Australia/Oceania
7	India	3,287,263	2.30%	Asia, South-Central
8	Argentina	2,780,400	2%	America, South
9	Kazakhstan	2,724,900	1.80%	Asia, South-Central
10	Sudan (and South Sudan comined)	2,505,813	1.70%	Africa, Northern
11	Algeria	2,381,741	1.60%	Africa, Northern
12	Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa)	2,344,858	1.60%	Africa, Central
13	Greenland	2,166,086	1.50%	Europe, Northern
14	Saudi Arabia	2,000,000	1.40%	Middle East
15	Mexico	1,964,375	1.30%	America, Northern
16	Indonesia	1,904,569	1.30%	Asia, South-East
17	Libya	1,759,540	1.20%	Africa, Northern
18	Iran	1,648,195	1.10%	Asia, South-Central
19	Mongolia	1,564,100	1.10%	Asia, Eastern
20	Peru	1,285,216	0.86%	America, South
21	Chad	1,284,000	0.86%	Africa, Central
22	Niger	1,267,000	0.85%	Africa, Western
23	Angola	1,246,700	0.85%	Africa, Central
24	Mali	1,240,192	0.83%	Africa, Western
25	South Africa	1,221,037	0.82%	Africa, Southern
26	Colombia	1,138,914	0.76%	America, South
27	Ethiopia	1,104,300	0.74%	Africa, Eastern
28	Bolivia	1,098,581	0.74%	America, South
29	Mauritania	1,030,000	0.69%	Africa, Western
30	Egypt	1,002,000	0.67%	Africa, Northern
31	Tanzania	945,087	0.63%	Africa, Eastern
32	Nigeria	923,768	0.62%	Africa, Western
33	Venezuela	912,050	0.61%	America, South
34	Namibia	824,292	0.55%	Africa, Southern
35	Mozambique	801,590	0.54%	Africa, Eastern
36	Pakistan	796,095	0.53%	Asia, South-Central
37	Turkey	783,562	0.53%	Western Asia, Southern Europe
38	Chile	756,102	0.51%	America, South
39	Zambia	752,618	0.51%	Africa, Eastern
40	Myanmar	676,578	0.45%	Asia, South-East
41	Afghanistan	652,090	0.44%	Asia, South-Central
42	Somalia	637,657	0.43%	Africa, Eastern
43	Central African Republic	622,984	0.42%	Africa, Central
44	Ukraine	603,500	0.41%	Europe, Eastern
45	Madagascar	587,041	0.39%	Africa, Eastern
46	Botswana	582,000	0.39%	Africa, Southern
47	Kenya	580,000	0.39%	Africa, Eastern
48	France	551,500	0.37%	Europe, Western
49	Yemen	527,968	0.35%	Middle East
50	Thailand	513,120	0.34%	Asia, South-East
51	Spain	505,992	0.34%	Europe, Southern
52	Turkmenistan	488,100	0.33%	Asia, South-Central
53	Cameroon	475,442	0.32%	Africa, Central
54	Papua New Guinea	462,840	0.31%	Oceania, Melanesia
55	Sweden	450,000	0.30%	Europe, Northern
56	Uzbekistan	447,400	0.30%	Asia, South-Central
57	Morocco	446,550	0.30%	Africa, Northern
58	Iraq	438,317	0.29%	Middle East
59	Paraguay	406,752	0.27%	America, South
60	Zimbabwe	390,757	0.26%	Africa, Eastern
61	Japan	377,915	0.25%	Asia, Eastern
62	Germany	357,022	0.24%	Europe, Western
63	Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)	342,000	0.23%	Africa, Central
64	Finland	338,145	0.23%	Europe, Northern
65	Vietnam	331,689	0.22%	Asia, South-East
66	Malaysia	329,847	0.22%	Asia, South-East
67	Norway	323,802	0.22%	Europe, Northern
68	Côte d'Ivoire	322,463	0.22%	Africa, Western
69	Poland	312,685	0.21%	Europe, Eastern
70	Oman	309,500	0.21%	Middle East
71	Italy	301,318	0.20%	Europe, Southern
72	Philippines	300,000	0.20%	Asia, South-East
73	Ecuador	283,561	0.20%	America, South
74	Burkina Faso	274,222	0.18%	Africa, Western
75	New Zealand	270,467	0.18%	Oceania; Australia
76	Gabon	267,668	0.18%	Africa, Central
77	Western Sahara	266,000	0.18%	Africa, Northern
78	Guinea	245,857	0.17%	Africa, Western
79	United Kingdom	242,900	0.16%	Europe, Northern
80	Uganda	241,038	0.16%	Africa, Eastern
81	Ghana	238,533	0.16%	Africa, Western
82	Romania	238,391	0.16%	Europe, Eastern
83	Lao PDR	236,800	0.16%	Asia, South-East
84	Guyana	214,969	0.14%	South America, Northern
85	Belarus	207,595	0.14%	Europe, Eastern
86	Kyrgyzstan	199,951	0.13%	Asia, South-Central
87	Senegal	196,722	0.13%	Africa, Western
88	Syria	185,180	0.12%	Middle East
89	Cambodia	181,035	0.12%	Asia, South-East
90	Uruguay	176,215	0.12%	America, South
91	Suriname	163,820	0.11%	America, South
92	Tunisia	163,610	0.11%	Africa, Northern
93	Nepal	147,181	0.10%	Asia, South-Central
94	Bangladesh	143,998	0.10%	Asia, South-Central
95	Tajikistan	143,100	0.10%	Asia, South-Central
96	Greece	131,957	0.09%	Europe, Southern
97	Nicaragua	130,370	0.09%	America, Central
98	North Korea	120,538	0.08%	Asia, Eastern
99	Malawi	118,484	0.08%	Africa, Eastern
100	Eritrea	117,600	0.08%	Africa, Eastern
101	Benin	112,622	0.08%	Africa, Western
102	Honduras	112,492	0.08%	America, Central
103	Liberia	111,369	0.07%	Africa, Western
104	Bulgaria	110,879	0.07%	Europe, Eastern
105	Cuba	109,886	0.07%	Caribbean
106	Guatemala	108,889	0.07%	America, Central
107	Iceland	103,000	0.07%	Europe, Northern
108	South Korea	99,678	0.07%	Asia, Eastern
109	Hungary	93,028	0.06%	Europe, Eastern
110	Portugal	92,090	0.06%	Europe, Southern
111	Jordan	89,342	0.06%	Middle East
112	Azerbaijan	86,600	0.06%	Asia, Western
113	French Guiana	83,534	0.06%	America, South
114	Austria	83,871	0.06%	Europe, Western
115	United Arab Emirates	83,600	0.06%	Middle East
116	Czech Republic	78,867	0.05%	Europe, Eastern
117	Serbia	77,474	0.05%	Europe, Southern
118	Panama	75,517	0.05%	America, Central
119	Sierra Leone	71,740	0.05%	Africa, Western
120	Ireland (Republic of)	70,273	0.05%	Europe, Northern
121	Georgia	69,700	0.05%	Asia, Western
122	Sri Lanka	65,610	0.04%	Asia, South-Central
123	Lithuania	65,300	0.04%	Europe, Northern
124	Latvia	64,589	0.04%	Europe, Northern
125	Svalbard and Jan Mayen	62,422	0.04%	Europe, Northern
126	Togo	56,785	0.04%	Africa, Western
127	Croatia	56,594	0.04%	Europe, Southern
128	Bosnia and Herzegovina	51,197	0.03%	Europe, Southern
129	Costa Rica	51,100	0.03%	America, Central
130	Slovakia	49,035	0.03%	Europe, Eastern
131	Dominican Republic	48,310	0.03%	Caribbean
132	Estonia	45,227	0.03%	Europe, Northern
133	Denmark	43,094	0.03%	Europe, Northern
134	Netherlands	41,543	0.03%	Europe, Western
135	Switzerland	41,285	0.03%	Europe, Western
136	Bhutan	38,394	0.03%	Asia, South-Central
137	Taiwan (Republic of China)	36,188	0.02%	Asia, Eastern
138	Guinea-Bissau	36,125	0.02%	Africa, Western
139	Moldova	33,850	0.02%	Europe, Eastern
140	Belgium	30,528	0.02%	Europe, Western
141	Lesotho	30,355	0.02%	Africa, Southern
142	Armenia	29,743	0.02%	Asia, Western
143	Solomon Islands	28,896	0.02%	Oceania, Melanesia
144	Albania	28,748	0.02%	Europe, Southern
145	Equatorial Guinea	28,051	0.02%	Africa, Central
146	Burundi	27,834	0.02%	Africa, Eastern
147	Haiti	27,750	0.02%	Caribbean
148	Rwanda	26,338	0.02%	Africa, Eastern
149	Macedonia	25,713	0.02%	Europe, Southern
150	Djibouti	23,200	0.02%	Africa, Eastern
151	Belize	22,966	0.02%	America, Central
152	Israel	22,072	0.01%	Middle East
153	El Salvador	21,041	0.01%	America, Central
154	Slovenia	20,273	0.01%	Europe, Southern
155	New Caledonia	18,575	0.01%	Oceania, Melanesia
156	Fiji	18,274	0.01%	Oceania, Melanesia
157	Kuwait	17,818	0.01%	Middle East
158	Swaziland	17,364	0.01%	Africa, Southern
159	East Timor	14,874	>0.01%	Asia, South-East
160	The Bahamas	13,943	>0.01%	Caribbean
161	Montenegro	13,812	>0.01%	Europe, Southern
162	Vanuatu	12,189	>0.01%	Oceania, Melanesia
163	Falkland Islands	12,173	>0.01%	America, Southern
164	Qatar	11,586	>0.01%	Middle East
165	The Gambia	11,295	>0.01%	Africa, Western
166	Jamaica	10,991	>0.01%	Caribbean
167	Kosovo	10,887	>0.01%	Europe, Southern
168	Lebanon	10,400	<0.01%	Middle East
169	Cyprus	9,251	<0.01%	Asia, Western
170	Puerto Rico	8,870	<0.01%	Caribbean
171	Palestinian territories	6,020	<0.01%	Middle East
172	Brunei Darussalam	5,765	<0.01%	Asia, South-East
173	Trinidad and Tobago	5,130	<0.01%	Caribbean
174	French Polynesia	4,167	<0.01%	Oceania, Polynesia
175	Cape Verde	4,033	<0.01%	Africa, Western
176	Samoa	2,831	<0.01%	Oceania, Polynesia
177	Luxembourg	2,586	<0.01%	Europe, Western
178	Réunion	2,510	<0.01%	Africa, Eastern
179	Comoros	2,235	<0.01%	Africa, Eastern
180	Mauritius	2,040	<0.01%	Africa, Eastern
181	Guadeloupe	1,705	<0.01%	Caribbean
182	Faroe Islands	1,393	<0.01%	Europe, Northern
183	Martinique	1,100	<0.01%	Caribbean
184	São Tomé and Príncipe	964	<0.01%	Africa, Central
185	Turks and Caicos Islands	948	<0.01%	Caribbean
186	Netherlands Antilles	800	<0.01%	Caribbean
187	Dominica	751	<0.01%	Caribbean
188	Tonga	747	<0.01%	Oceania, Polynesia
189	Bahrain	741	<0.01%	Middle East
190	Kiribati	726	<0.01%	Oceania, Micronesia
191	Micronesia, Federated States of	702	<0.01%	Oceania, Micronesia
192	Singapore	699	<0.01%	Asia, South-East
193	Isle of Man	572	<0.01%	Europe, Northern
194	Guam	549	<0.01%	Oceania, Micronesia
195	Saint Lucia	539	<0.01%	Caribbean
196	Northern Mariana Islands	477	<0.01%	Oceania, Micronesia
197	Andorra	468	<0.01%	Europe, Southern
198	Palau	459	<0.01%	Oceania, Micronesia
199	Seychelles	455	<0.01%	Africa, Eastern
200	Antigua and Barbuda	442	<0.01%	Caribbean
201	Barbados	431	<0.01%	Caribbean
202	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	389	<0.01%	Caribbean
203	Virgin Islands U.S.	347	<0.01%	Caribbean
204	Grenada	344	<0.01%	Caribbean
205	Malta	316	<0.01%	Europe, Southern
206	Maldives	298	<0.01%	Asia, South-Central
207	Cayman Islands	264	<0.01%	Caribbean
208	Saint Kitts and Nevis	261	<0.01%	Caribbean
209	Niue	260	<0.01%	Oceania, Polynesia
210	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	242	<0.01%	America, Northern
211	Cook Islands	236	<0.01%	Oceania, Polynesia
212	American Samoa	199	<0.01%	Oceania, Polynesia
213	Marshall Islands	181	<0.01%	Oceania, Micronesia
214	Aruba	180	<0.01%	Caribbean
215	Liechtenstein	160	<0.01%	Europe, Western
216	British Virgin Islands	151	<0.01%	Caribbean
217	Wallis and Futuna	142	<0.01%	Oceania, Polynesia
218	Saint Helena	122	<0.01%	Africa, Western
219	Jersey	116	<0.01%	Europe, Northern
220	Montserrat	102	<0.01%	Caribbean
221	Tristan da Cunha	98	<0.01%	South Atlantic Ocean
222	Anguilla	91	<0.01%	Caribbean
223	Ascension Island	88	<0.01%	South Atlantic Ocean
224	Guernsey	78	<0.01%	Europe, Northern
225	San Marino	61	<0.01%	Europe, Southern
226	Bermuda	53	<0.01%	Caribbean
227	Norfolk Island	36	<0.01%	Oceania, Australia
228	Tuvalu	26	<0.01%	Oceania, Polynesia
229	Nauru	21	<0.01%	Oceania, Micronesia
230	Tokelau	12	<0.01%	Oceania/Australia
231	Gibraltar	6	<0.01%	Europe, Southern
232	Pitcairn Islands	5	<0.01%	Oceania, Polynesia
233	Monaco	1.95	<0.01%	Europe, Southern
234	Vatican City	0.44	<0.01%	Europe, Southern

Smallest Country in the World

Vatican City - 0.2 square miles - The world's smallest country, the Vatican has a population of 840, none of whom are permanent residents. The independent city-state was established in 1929 .The tiny country which surrounds St. Peter's Basilica is the spiritual center for the world's Roman Catholics . Also known as the Holy See, Vatican City is surrounded by Rome, Italy.

World countries and their capital

There are 196 independent country in the world.there may be few countries which are still under controversy  and claim they are independent.

Country              Capital

Afghanistan -----------------Kabul

Albania -----------------Tirana

Algeria -----------------Algiers

Andorra -----------------Andorra la Vella

Angola -----------------Luanda

Antigua and Barbuda -----------------Saint John's

Argentina -----------------Buenos Aires

Armenia -----------------Yerevan

Australia -----------------Canberra

Austria -----------------Vienna

Azerbaijan -----------------Baku

The Bahamas -----------------Nassau

Bahrain -----------------Manama

Bangladesh -----------------Dhaka

Barbados -----------------Bridgetown

Belarus -----------------Minsk

Belgium -----------------Brussels

Belize -----------------Belmopan

Benin -----------------Porto-Novo

Bhutan -----------------Thimphu

Bolivia -----------------La Paz (administrative); Sucre (judicial)

Bosnia and Herzegovina -----------------Sarajevo

Botswana -----------------Gaborone

Brazil -----------------Brasilia

Brunei -----------------Bandar Seri Begawan

Bulgaria -----------------Sofia

Burkina Faso -----------------Ouagadougou

Burundi -----------------Bujumbura

Cambodia -----------------Phnom Penh

Cameroon -----------------Yaounde

Canada -----------------Ottawa

Cape Verde -----------------Praia

Central African Republic -----------------Bangui

Chad -----------------N'Djamena

Chile -----------------Santiago

China -----------------Beijing

Colombia -----------------Bogota

Comoros -----------------Moroni

Congo, Republic of the -----------------Brazzaville

Congo, Democratic Republic of the -----------------Kinshasa

Costa Rica -----------------San Jose

Cote d'Ivoire -----------------Yamoussoukro (official); Abidjan (de facto)

Croatia -----------------Zagreb

Cuba -----------------Havana

Cyprus -----------------Nicosia

Czech Republic -----------------Prague

Denmark -----------------Copenhagen

Djibouti -----------------Djibouti

Dominica -----------------Roseau

Dominican Republic -----------------Santo Domingo

East Timor (Timor-Leste) <-> Dili

Ecuador -----------------Quito

Egypt -----------------Cairo

El Salvador -----------------San Salvador

Equatorial Guinea -----------------Malabo

Eritrea -----------------Asmara

Estonia -----------------Tallinn

Ethiopia -----------------Addis Ababa

Fiji -----------------Suva

Finland -----------------Helsinki

France -----------------Paris

Gabon -----------------Libreville

The Gambia -----------------Banjul

Georgia -----------------Tbilisi

Germany -----------------Berlin

Ghana -----------------Accra

Greece -----------------Athens

Grenada -----------------Saint George's

Guatemala -----------------Guatemala City

Guinea -----------------Conakry

Guinea-Bissau <-> Bissau 

Guyana -----------------Georgetown

Haiti -----------------Port au Prince

Honduras -----------------Tegucigalpa

Hungary -----------------Budapest

Iceland -----------------Reykjavik

India -----------------New Delhi

Indonesia -----------------Jakarta

Iran -----------------Tehran

Iraq -----------------Baghdad

Ireland -----------------Dublin

Israel -----------------Jerusalem*

Italy -----------------Rome

Jamaica -----------------Kingston

Japan -----------------Tokyo

Jordan -----------------Amman

Kazakhstan -----------------Astana

Kenya -----------------Nairobi

Kiribati -----------------Tarawa Atoll

Korea, North -----------------Pyongyang

Korea, South -----------------Seoul

Kosovo -----------------Pristina

Kuwait -----------------Kuwait City

Kyrgyzstan -----------------Bishkek

Laos -----------------Vientiane

Latvia -----------------Riga

Lebanon -----------------Beirut

Lesotho -----------------Maseru

Liberia -----------------Monrovia

Libya -----------------Tripoli

Liechtenstein -----------------Vaduz

Lithuania -----------------Vilnius

Luxembourg -----------------Luxembourg

Macedonia -----------------Skopje

Madagascar -----------------Antananarivo

Malawi -----------------Lilongwe

Malaysia -----------------Kuala Lumpur

Maldives -----------------Male

Mali -----------------Bamako

Malta -----------------Valletta

Marshall Islands -----------------Majuro

Mauritania -----------------Nouakchott

Mauritius -----------------Port Louis

Mexico -----------------Mexico City

Micronesia, Federated States of -----------------Palikir

Moldova -----------------Chisinau

Monaco -----------------Monaco

Mongolia -----------------Ulaanbaatar

Montenegro -----------------Podgorica

Morocco -----------------Rabat

Mozambique -----------------Maputo

Myanmar (Burma) -----------------Rangoon (Yangon); Naypyidaw or Nay Pyi Taw (administrative)

Namibia -----------------Windhoek

Nauru -----------------no official capital; government offices in Yaren District

Nepal -----------------Kathmandu

Netherlands -----------------Amsterdam; The Hague (seat of government)

New Zealand -----------------Wellington

Nicaragua -----------------Managua

Niger -----------------Niamey

Nigeria -----------------Abuja

Norway -----------------Oslo

Oman -----------------Muscat

Pakistan -----------------Islamabad

Palau -----------------Melekeok

Panama -----------------Panama City

Papua New Guinea -----------------Port Moresby

Paraguay -----------------Asuncion

Peru -----------------Lima

Philippines -----------------Manila

Poland -----------------Warsaw

Portugal -----------------Lisbon

Qatar -----------------Doha

Romania -----------------Bucharest

Russia -----------------Moscow

Rwanda -----------------Kigali

Saint Kitts and Nevis -----------------Basseterre

Saint Lucia -----------------Castries

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -----------------Kingstown

Samoa -----------------Apia

San Marino -----------------San Marino

Sao Tome and Principe -----------------Sao Tome

Saudi Arabia -----------------Riyadh

Senegal -----------------Dakar

Serbia -----------------Belgrade

Seychelles -----------------Victoria

Sierra Leone -----------------Freetown

Singapore -----------------Singapore

Slovakia -----------------Bratislava

Slovenia -----------------Ljubljana

Solomon Islands -----------------Honiara

Somalia -----------------Mogadishu

South Africa -----------------Pretoria (administrative); Cape Town (legislative); Bloemfontein (judiciary)

South Sudan -----------------Juba (Relocating to Ramciel)

Spain -----------------Madrid

Sri Lanka -----------------Colombo; Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative)

Sudan -----------------Khartoum

Suriname -----------------Paramaribo

Swaziland -----------------Mbabane

Sweden -----------------Stockholm

Switzerland -----------------Bern

Syria -----------------Damascus

Taiwan -----------------Taipei

Tajikistan -----------------Dushanbe

Tanzania -----------------Dar es Salaam; Dodoma (legislative)

Thailand -----------------Bangkok

Togo -----------------Lome

Tonga -----------------Nuku'alofa

Trinidad and Tobago -----------------Port of Spain

Tunisia -----------------Tunis

Turkey -----------------Ankara

Turkmenistan -----------------Ashgabat

Tuvalu -----------------Vaiaku village, Funafuti province

Uganda -----------------Kampala

Ukraine -----------------Kyiv

United Arab Emirates -----------------Abu Dhabi

United Kingdom -----------------London

United States of America -----------------Washington D.C.

Uruguay -----------------Montevideo

Uzbekistan -----------------Tashkent

Vanuatu -----------------Port-Vila

Vatican City (Holy See) -----------------Vatican City

Venezuela -----------------Caracas

Vietnam -----------------Hanoi

Yemen -----------------Sanaa

Zambia -----------------Lusaka

Zimbabwe -----------------Harare